Kidney stones are a common yet painful urological condition that can affect people of all ages. These hard mineral deposits form inside the kidneys and can cause intense pain when they move through the urinary tract. Fortunately, with timely diagnosis and the right treatment, most kidney stones can be managed effectively.
As a leading Consultant Urologist & Andrologist in Baner, Pune, Dr. S. K. Palash offers expert care for kidney stones—from prevention to advanced surgical treatments.
What Are Kidney Stones?
Kidney stones are solid masses made up of crystals, typically composed of calcium, oxalate, uric acid, or other substances found in urine. They can range in size from a grain of sand to a large pebble. When these stones move into the ureter (the tube connecting the kidney to the bladder), they can cause severe pain and complications.
What Causes Kidney Stones?
Kidney stones develop when there’s an imbalance in the substances that make up urine. Common causes include:
Dehydration – Not drinking enough water concentrates the urine, allowing minerals to crystallize.
Dietary habits – High intake of sodium, animal protein, or oxalate-rich foods (like spinach and nuts).
Medical conditions – Obesity, diabetes, and metabolic disorders can increase stone risk.
Family history – A genetic predisposition can play a role.
Medications – Some diuretics and antacids can increase the risk of stone formation.
Symptoms of Kidney Stones
Symptoms often appear when a stone moves into the ureter. Common signs include:
Sharp pain in the back or side (flank pain)
Pain radiating to the lower abdomen or groin
Blood in urine (hematuria)
Nausea and vomiting
Painful or frequent urination
Fever and chills (if infection is present)
If you notice any of these symptoms, especially in combination, seek medical attention immediately.
How Are Kidney Stones Diagnosed?
Early diagnosis helps prevent complications. Dr. S. K. Palash may recommend the following tests:
Urine analysis – To check for crystals, blood, or signs of infection.
Ultrasound or CT scan – To locate and size the stone.
X-rays (KUB) – To monitor stone progression.
Blood tests – To evaluate kidney function and detect mineral imbalances.
Treatment Options for Kidney Stones
Treatment depends on the size, location, and composition of the stone. Options include:
Conservative Management: Small stones (under 5 mm) may pass naturally with increased fluid intake, painkillers, and medications that relax the ureter.
Shockwave Lithotripsy (ESWL): Non-invasive technique using sound waves to break larger stones into smaller fragments that can pass easily.
Ureteroscopy: A thin scope is passed through the urethra and bladder to reach the stone, which is then broken or removed.
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL): A minimally invasive surgery used for large or complex stones. A small incision is made in the back to access and remove the stone directly.
Surgical Removal: Rarely needed, but may be performed if the stone causes obstruction, severe infection, or kidney damage.
Can You Pass a Kidney Stone Naturally?
Yes, if the stone is small (typically under 5 mm), it can often pass on its own with adequate hydration and pain relief. However, larger stones usually require medical intervention.
How Long Does It Take to Pass a Stone?
It depends on the size and position of the stone. Some stones may pass in a few days, while others can take several weeks. Persistent or worsening symptoms should not be ignored.
What Happens If a Stone Is Left Untreated?
Ignoring a kidney stone can lead to serious complications such as:
Urinary tract infections
Obstruction of the urinary tract
Kidney damage or loss of kidney function
Prompt treatment can prevent these outcomes.
Preventing Kidney Stones
Prevention plays a key role in avoiding recurrence. Dr. S. K. Palash advises:
Drink 2.5 to 3 liters of water daily
Limit salt and animal protein
Reduce intake of oxalate-rich foods like spinach and chocolate
Maintain a balanced diet with proper calcium intake
Avoid dehydration, especially in hot weather
For recurrent stone formers, medications such as thiazide diuretics or potassium citrate may be prescribed
When to See a Urologist?
Visit a urologist if you experience:
Intense or recurring flank pain
Blood in urine
Nausea or vomiting
Fever and chills
A history of kidney stones
Early consultation can help avoid complications and improve outcomes.
Concerned About Kidney Stones? Don’t Wait.
Dr. S. K. Palash, Consultant Urologist & Andrologist in Baner, Pune, offers personalized and advanced kidney stone care tailored to your needs. Whether you need preventive advice or specialized treatment, timely intervention can make all the difference.
Disclaimer: The information provided here should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. The information is provided solely for educational purpose and should not be considered a substitute for medical advice.
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